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	<title>Comments on: Phil Burgess and what&#8217;s wrong with our political culture</title>
	<atom:link href="http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/</link>
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		<title>By: I do some work for Telstra so putting my name to this would be commercial suicide</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-276181</link>
		<dc:creator>I do some work for Telstra so putting my name to this would be commercial suicide</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2008 08:00:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-276181</guid>
		<description>I think the important thing to realise about Phil Burgess is that nothing he says is just for the hell of it. Indeed, everything he says is calculated to advance Telstra&#039;s position.
So while I agree that he raises some interesting points, he only does so because he thinks his argument could strengthen Telstra&#039;s position if his desired outcomes ever came about.
What he wants is more ways to get his case heard and more avenues of appeal. Sure, they represent checks and balances. But they also represent corruptible and/or stackable fora in which influence can be exercised.
I&#039;m happy with Australia&#039;s funnelling of influence. Happier than I am with the USA&#039;s unbridled capitalism.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think the important thing to realise about Phil Burgess is that nothing he says is just for the hell of it. Indeed, everything he says is calculated to advance Telstra&#8217;s position.<br />
So while I agree that he raises some interesting points, he only does so because he thinks his argument could strengthen Telstra&#8217;s position if his desired outcomes ever came about.<br />
What he wants is more ways to get his case heard and more avenues of appeal. Sure, they represent checks and balances. But they also represent corruptible and/or stackable fora in which influence can be exercised.<br />
I&#8217;m happy with Australia&#8217;s funnelling of influence. Happier than I am with the USA&#8217;s unbridled capitalism.</p>
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		<title>By: bradley conquest</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-271924</link>
		<dc:creator>bradley conquest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2008 20:06:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-271924</guid>
		<description>oh and i forgot to add: amid all this, the consenting (and facilitating)silence of the corporate owned media which when not promoting false fears of wmd and terrorism does everything it can to stiffle genuine discussion and debate about the real and serious issues and instead promote public obssession with celebrity gossip and sport.

let phil burgess go back to america and his wet dreams.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>oh and i forgot to add: amid all this, the consenting (and facilitating)silence of the corporate owned media which when not promoting false fears of wmd and terrorism does everything it can to stiffle genuine discussion and debate about the real and serious issues and instead promote public obssession with celebrity gossip and sport.</p>
<p>let phil burgess go back to america and his wet dreams.</p>
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		<title>By: bradley conquest</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-271922</link>
		<dc:creator>bradley conquest</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 May 2008 19:57:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-271922</guid>
		<description>umpteen checks and balances in the us? more vigorous debate? 

sorry but have all you people at club troppo been asleep since 911? 

umm, you know, the patriot act, the dangerous concentration of executive power in a warmongering president&#039;s hands, the usurpation and belittlement of the congress by the president&#039;s authoritarian whims, the stacking of the supreme court with neoconservative stooges who are willing to shred the bill of the rights and the consitution in general, the total corruption of the us electoral system to corporate bribes and the american israel public affairs committee 
(see video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2894821400057137878. god, the list could go on.

where the hell have you &quot;experts&quot; been?  

suggest you take a rather large dose of paul craig roberts as quickly as possible, make a very strong cup of tea and sit down. the news is not good.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>umpteen checks and balances in the us? more vigorous debate? </p>
<p>sorry but have all you people at club troppo been asleep since 911? </p>
<p>umm, you know, the patriot act, the dangerous concentration of executive power in a warmongering president&#8217;s hands, the usurpation and belittlement of the congress by the president&#8217;s authoritarian whims, the stacking of the supreme court with neoconservative stooges who are willing to shred the bill of the rights and the consitution in general, the total corruption of the us electoral system to corporate bribes and the american israel public affairs committee<br />
(see video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2894821400057137878. god, the list could go on.</p>
<p>where the hell have you &#8220;experts&#8221; been?  </p>
<p>suggest you take a rather large dose of paul craig roberts as quickly as possible, make a very strong cup of tea and sit down. the news is not good.</p>
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		<title>By: armagnac esq</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-271093</link>
		<dc:creator>armagnac esq</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2008 07:01:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-271093</guid>
		<description>&quot;we landed one of the biggest turkeys in the history of modern Western democracy&quot;

See, not so much difference after all...</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;we landed one of the biggest turkeys in the history of modern Western democracy&#8221;</p>
<p>See, not so much difference after all&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: jc</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270617</link>
		<dc:creator>jc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 14:09:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270617</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;Yours, I didnt bother reading.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Then why did you read the last one, Trotsky.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>Yours, I didnt bother reading.</p></blockquote>
<p>Then why did you read the last one, Trotsky.</p>
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		<title>By: Gummo Trotsky</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270616</link>
		<dc:creator>Gummo Trotsky</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 13:53:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270616</guid>
		<description>jc,

My comment was in response to Laura&#039;s. Yours, I didn&#039;t bother reading.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>jc,</p>
<p>My comment was in response to Laura&#8217;s. Yours, I didn&#8217;t bother reading.</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270610</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 12:20:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270610</guid>
		<description>I specifically didn&#039;t accuse him of bad manners - or rather said that his bad manners were not of concern to me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I specifically didn&#8217;t accuse him of bad manners &#8211; or rather said that his bad manners were not of concern to me.</p>
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		<title>By: jc</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270606</link>
		<dc:creator>jc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 11:57:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270606</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;But you basically accuse him of being bad mannered because hes suggesting the US system has certain advantages. Thats not being bad mannered for a person of his background: hes calling it as he sees it.&lt;/blockquote&gt;


To which Trotsky says:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Wrong again!&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Referring to this:
B&lt;blockquote&gt;ut I have a problem - one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

You wanna try again, Trotsky.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>But you basically accuse him of being bad mannered because hes suggesting the US system has certain advantages. Thats not being bad mannered for a person of his background: hes calling it as he sees it.</p></blockquote>
<p>To which Trotsky says:</p>
<blockquote><p>Wrong again!</p></blockquote>
<p>Referring to this:<br />
B<br />
<blockquote>ut I have a problem &#8211; one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home.
</p></blockquote>
<p>You wanna try again, Trotsky.</p>
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		<title>By: SLloyd</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270584</link>
		<dc:creator>SLloyd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 10:36:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270584</guid>
		<description>Nic just wanted him to acknowledge that the US is currently a dictatorship, but only Lefties agree on that. So I don&#039;t see why a political scholar would.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nic just wanted him to acknowledge that the US is currently a dictatorship, but only Lefties agree on that. So I don&#8217;t see why a political scholar would.</p>
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		<title>By: Gummo Trotsky</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270540</link>
		<dc:creator>Gummo Trotsky</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 09:46:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270540</guid>
		<description>Wrong again!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wrong again!</p>
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		<title>By: jc</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270537</link>
		<dc:creator>jc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 09:40:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270537</guid>
		<description>But you basically accuse him of being bad mannered because he&#039;s suggesting the US system has certain advantages. That&#039;s not being bad mannered for a person of his background: he&#039;s calling it as he sees it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But you basically accuse him of being bad mannered because he&#8217;s suggesting the US system has certain advantages. That&#8217;s not being bad mannered for a person of his background: he&#8217;s calling it as he sees it.</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270497</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 05:54:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270497</guid>
		<description>JC,

If you want to address my points, go right ahead.  So far you&#039;ve rehearsed what we both know. 

His bio and credentials to speak on the matter are not at issue - at least from me.  Indeed it adds piquancy to my point. The way he speaks on it is a pity because with a little more self reflection he might have offered us more, and if not more, then something better judged. 

There are obvious downsides to the checks and balances of the US.  Big ones that the US is famous for. From my quick reading he didn&#039;t mention them.  Kind of undercuts his cred - which as I said, as an admirer of some of the content of the speech, I think is a pity.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>JC,</p>
<p>If you want to address my points, go right ahead.  So far you&#8217;ve rehearsed what we both know. </p>
<p>His bio and credentials to speak on the matter are not at issue &#8211; at least from me.  Indeed it adds piquancy to my point. The way he speaks on it is a pity because with a little more self reflection he might have offered us more, and if not more, then something better judged. </p>
<p>There are obvious downsides to the checks and balances of the US.  Big ones that the US is famous for. From my quick reading he didn&#8217;t mention them.  Kind of undercuts his cred &#8211; which as I said, as an admirer of some of the content of the speech, I think is a pity.</p>
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		<title>By: jc</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270496</link>
		<dc:creator>jc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 05:41:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270496</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;But I have a problem - one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home.&lt;/i&gt;

Nic, It appears he was asked to give a speech on the subject -comparing the two nations. He could be considered an expert seeing he says he was an academic teaching comparative political systems.


F&lt;blockquote&gt;or 15 years, during the academic part of my career, 
I taught comparative politics.  We always covered the various forms of parliamentary 
government, including the Westminster system practiced in the UK and throughout most of the 
Commonwealth.7  
 
Put another way, I understand very well the differences between the presidential system of the US 
and the parliamentary system of Australia  and I especially understand how the fusion of 
powers in the parliamentary system concentrates enormous power in the hands of a 
minister.  That is very different from the US.8 
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Its a fine speech that seems to have been given by a thoughtful man. If he thinks the US system is far more open to debate etc. hes probably right especially with the congressional function of oversight playing a more important role over there than it does here. Furthermore one could make a strong case against majoritarian system we have here compared to the US.

&lt;blockquote&gt;And Australias reaction to Bali was dignified, sombre and sane in contrast to the hysteria of the USs reaction to 9/11.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Bali isnt Australian territory. 250 marines were killed in Beruit in the 80s and US reaction wasnt hysterical. Our reaction is exactly what one would expect of a nation with almost next to no means of projecting power.


He has a pretty reasonable bio to be talking on this subject.

&lt;blockquote&gt;Phil has a long record of leadership in public policy and communications with broad experience as an academic, business executive, media commentator and writer on economic, political and cultural trends in the US and around the world.

Prior to his appointment with Telstra, Phil served most recently as president and chief executive of the National Academy of Public Administration in Washington, D.C. Phil also served as President of the Annapolis Institute, a U.S. think tank established in 1993 to help leaders manage change - at every level in both the public and private sectors.

Phil also serves as a Visiting Professor of Policy Studies at UCLA&#039;s public policy school, where he teaches in the graduate program on communications and culture.

&lt;/blockquote&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>But I have a problem &#8211; one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home.</i></p>
<p>Nic, It appears he was asked to give a speech on the subject -comparing the two nations. He could be considered an expert seeing he says he was an academic teaching comparative political systems.</p>
<p>F<br />
<blockquote>or 15 years, during the academic part of my career,<br />
I taught comparative politics.  We always covered the various forms of parliamentary<br />
government, including the Westminster system practiced in the UK and throughout most of the<br />
Commonwealth.7  </p>
<p>Put another way, I understand very well the differences between the presidential system of the US<br />
and the parliamentary system of Australia  and I especially understand how the fusion of<br />
powers in the parliamentary system concentrates enormous power in the hands of a<br />
minister.  That is very different from the US.8
</p></blockquote>
<p>Its a fine speech that seems to have been given by a thoughtful man. If he thinks the US system is far more open to debate etc. hes probably right especially with the congressional function of oversight playing a more important role over there than it does here. Furthermore one could make a strong case against majoritarian system we have here compared to the US.</p>
<blockquote><p>And Australias reaction to Bali was dignified, sombre and sane in contrast to the hysteria of the USs reaction to 9/11.</p></blockquote>
<p>Bali isnt Australian territory. 250 marines were killed in Beruit in the 80s and US reaction wasnt hysterical. Our reaction is exactly what one would expect of a nation with almost next to no means of projecting power.</p>
<p>He has a pretty reasonable bio to be talking on this subject.</p>
<blockquote><p>Phil has a long record of leadership in public policy and communications with broad experience as an academic, business executive, media commentator and writer on economic, political and cultural trends in the US and around the world.</p>
<p>Prior to his appointment with Telstra, Phil served most recently as president and chief executive of the National Academy of Public Administration in Washington, D.C. Phil also served as President of the Annapolis Institute, a U.S. think tank established in 1993 to help leaders manage change &#8211; at every level in both the public and private sectors.</p>
<p>Phil also serves as a Visiting Professor of Policy Studies at UCLA&#8217;s public policy school, where he teaches in the graduate program on communications and culture.</p>
</blockquote>
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		<title>By: Laura</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270495</link>
		<dc:creator>Laura</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 05:34:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270495</guid>
		<description>And Dang I agree with James; if emphasis doesn&#039;t emerge from a block of writing as a logical consequence of its content, syntax and pointing, then flinging the bolds around isn&#039;t going to do much to fix things.  

If it&#039;s the unrevised text of a speech, though, I understand and forgive the bolding.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>And Dang I agree with James; if emphasis doesn&#8217;t emerge from a block of writing as a logical consequence of its content, syntax and pointing, then flinging the bolds around isn&#8217;t going to do much to fix things.  </p>
<p>If it&#8217;s the unrevised text of a speech, though, I understand and forgive the bolding.</p>
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		<title>By: Laura</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270493</link>
		<dc:creator>Laura</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 05:24:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270493</guid>
		<description>Italics in the King James Version bible (which this is) signal words the scholar-translator committee nominate as other-than-literal translation (from Hebrew in the case of the psalms):  they are insertions, I understand, in places where Hebrew doesn&#039;t require such words but English does in order for the sense to be conveyed.  The headnote passages are glosses from the same author-translators. 

You can get a sense of the music of the psalms by not saying these phrases, and by reading them as antiphonally sung, with one voice saying the call up to the caesura (these poems are very carefully pointed in the same place as the Hebrew text) and a second voice saying the response.  

I recommend saying both voices yourself, and basing each of them on your choice of character actors from the &lt;i&gt;Carry On&lt;/i&gt; movies.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Italics in the King James Version bible (which this is) signal words the scholar-translator committee nominate as other-than-literal translation (from Hebrew in the case of the psalms):  they are insertions, I understand, in places where Hebrew doesn&#8217;t require such words but English does in order for the sense to be conveyed.  The headnote passages are glosses from the same author-translators. </p>
<p>You can get a sense of the music of the psalms by not saying these phrases, and by reading them as antiphonally sung, with one voice saying the call up to the caesura (these poems are very carefully pointed in the same place as the Hebrew text) and a second voice saying the response.  </p>
<p>I recommend saying both voices yourself, and basing each of them on your choice of character actors from the <i>Carry On</i> movies.</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270480</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 03:27:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270480</guid>
		<description>Yes</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes</p>
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		<title>By: jc</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270479</link>
		<dc:creator>jc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 03:20:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270479</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;But I have a problem - one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home. Its bad in another sense.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Have you seen Phil Burgess&#039; bio? He taught comparative political systems at university.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>But I have a problem &#8211; one might call it a problem of tone. Its not just bad manners and bad politics to turn up somewhere in a powerful position and tell the locals that they dont quite measure up to standards back home. Its bad in another sense.</p></blockquote>
<p>Have you seen Phil Burgess&#8217; bio? He taught comparative political systems at university.</p>
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		<title>By: Gummo Trotsky</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270474</link>
		<dc:creator>Gummo Trotsky</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 02:45:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270474</guid>
		<description>Nick,

My assertion is based on what I know of the history of punctuation (from a course reader) and second, readings of McLuhan.

History of punctuation in a nutshell:

Inthebeginningwas&lt;em&gt;scriptocontinua&lt;/em&gt;
(the first punctuation was rhetorical - the addition of marks to indicate pauses and stresses required in reading aloud - but that was done by the &lt;em&gt;reader&lt;/em&gt;).
Irish monks started putting spaces into written text in the seventh and eighth centuries CE to assist their Gaelic speaking readers. This conversion of rhetorically punctuated &lt;em&gt;scripto continuo&lt;/em&gt; (with &lt;em&gt;positurae&lt;/em&gt; to mark the ends of statements, phrases and questions) made the development of silent reading possible.

The next big phase after that is the development of standardised typographic punctuation, and attempts to standardise grammar in the eighteenth century.

In &lt;em&gt;The Gutenberg Galaxy&lt;/em&gt;, McLuhan describes the process of book production before the printing press, in the universities of the Medieval schoolmen. One interesting feature is that students in the universities learnt grammar before they began to write; it was a preparation for accurately recording the words of the lecturers who would dictate their texts to them from memory. I&#039;d suggest a more subtle emphasis is indicated for &quot;... all our days are passed away in they wrath; we spend out years as a tale &lt;em&gt;that is told&lt;/em&gt;&quot;: one where pitch and volume wane towards the end of the statement. 

So, I figure what you&#039;re seeing in those old bibles is the use of typography to convey rhetorical inflection. Actually delivering the correct rhetorical inflection in reading the text aloud would depend not just on the use of italics, but also an intimate knowledge of established rhetorical conventions. Some of those inflections are obvious to a modern reader, e.g:

&lt;blockquote&gt;I will fay of the LORD &lt;em&gt;He&lt;/em&gt; is my refuge and my fortrefs...&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The inflection of your verse 9 is less obvious. That&#039;s possibly because we moderns work with a very narrow range of rhetorical emphases; we emphasise statements by asserting them more loudly, &quot;raising the pitch&quot; (quite literally). It may be that the intended inflection there is for the speaker&#039;s voice to wane away a little on &quot;that is told&quot; (almost, but not quite, plainsong) to enhance the metaphor.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nick,</p>
<p>My assertion is based on what I know of the history of punctuation (from a course reader) and second, readings of McLuhan.</p>
<p>History of punctuation in a nutshell:</p>
<p>Inthebeginningwas<em>scriptocontinua</em><br />
(the first punctuation was rhetorical &#8211; the addition of marks to indicate pauses and stresses required in reading aloud &#8211; but that was done by the <em>reader</em>).<br />
Irish monks started putting spaces into written text in the seventh and eighth centuries CE to assist their Gaelic speaking readers. This conversion of rhetorically punctuated <em>scripto continuo</em> (with <em>positurae</em> to mark the ends of statements, phrases and questions) made the development of silent reading possible.</p>
<p>The next big phase after that is the development of standardised typographic punctuation, and attempts to standardise grammar in the eighteenth century.</p>
<p>In <em>The Gutenberg Galaxy</em>, McLuhan describes the process of book production before the printing press, in the universities of the Medieval schoolmen. One interesting feature is that students in the universities learnt grammar before they began to write; it was a preparation for accurately recording the words of the lecturers who would dictate their texts to them from memory. I&#8217;d suggest a more subtle emphasis is indicated for &#8220;&#8230; all our days are passed away in they wrath; we spend out years as a tale <em>that is told</em>&#8220;: one where pitch and volume wane towards the end of the statement. </p>
<p>So, I figure what you&#8217;re seeing in those old bibles is the use of typography to convey rhetorical inflection. Actually delivering the correct rhetorical inflection in reading the text aloud would depend not just on the use of italics, but also an intimate knowledge of established rhetorical conventions. Some of those inflections are obvious to a modern reader, e.g:</p>
<blockquote><p>I will fay of the LORD <em>He</em> is my refuge and my fortrefs&#8230;</p></blockquote>
<p>The inflection of your verse 9 is less obvious. That&#8217;s possibly because we moderns work with a very narrow range of rhetorical emphases; we emphasise statements by asserting them more loudly, &#8220;raising the pitch&#8221; (quite literally). It may be that the intended inflection there is for the speaker&#8217;s voice to wane away a little on &#8220;that is told&#8221; (almost, but not quite, plainsong) to enhance the metaphor.</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270459</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 May 2008 00:22:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270459</guid>
		<description>Gummo,

That was always my first assumption, but it certainly is a pretty odd list of emphases on that page if that&#039;s the real reason.

For example, verse 9 above: 

&lt;blockquote&gt;For all our days are passed away in they wrath; we spend out years as a tale &lt;strong&gt;that is told&lt;/strong&gt;. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

What &lt;strong&gt;is&lt;/strong&gt; your source &lt;strong&gt;for &lt;/strong&gt;this claim?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Gummo,</p>
<p>That was always my first assumption, but it certainly is a pretty odd list of emphases on that page if that&#8217;s the real reason.</p>
<p>For example, verse 9 above: </p>
<blockquote><p>For all our days are passed away in they wrath; we spend out years as a tale <strong>that is told</strong>. </p></blockquote>
<p>What <strong>is</strong> your source <strong>for </strong>this claim?</p>
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		<title>By: Gummo Trotsky</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270415</link>
		<dc:creator>Gummo Trotsky</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 21:49:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270415</guid>
		<description>The italics are a form of rhetorical punctuation. They indicate words that should be stressed when the passages are read aloud (or when you&#039;re subvocalising as you read through the text).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The italics are a form of rhetorical punctuation. They indicate words that should be stressed when the passages are read aloud (or when you&#8217;re subvocalising as you read through the text).</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270373</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 14:53:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270373</guid>
		<description>Actually, in my last comment I was going to mention, but I&#039;ve never been able to figure it out, old bibles are full of italics - for instance the page illustrated below.  Do you have any idea what the italics connote? I&#039;ve never known.

&lt;img style=&quot;cursor: -moz-zoom-in;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/King_James_Bible_1772_-_Psalm_90.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/King_James_Bible_1772_-_Psalm_90.jpg&quot; width=&quot;701&quot; /&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually, in my last comment I was going to mention, but I&#8217;ve never been able to figure it out, old bibles are full of italics &#8211; for instance the page illustrated below.  Do you have any idea what the italics connote? I&#8217;ve never known.</p>
<p><img style="cursor: -moz-zoom-in;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/King_James_Bible_1772_-_Psalm_90.jpg" alt="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/King_James_Bible_1772_-_Psalm_90.jpg" width="701" /></p>
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		<title>By: James Farrell</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270368</link>
		<dc:creator>James Farrell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 14:17:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270368</guid>
		<description>All right, I concede everything. It&#039;s fun and efficient, and above all it really brings out the poetry of the text. Let&#039;s make sure every classic gets the work-over, to make it even greater. I&#039;m starting here:

Then &lt;strong&gt;said Pilate&lt;/strong&gt; unto them, Take ye him, and judge him &lt;strong&gt;according to your law&lt;/strong&gt;. The &lt;strong&gt;Jews&lt;/strong&gt; therefore said unto him, It is &lt;strong&gt;not lawful&lt;/strong&gt; for us to &lt;strong&gt;put any man to death&lt;/strong&gt;: That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying &lt;strong&gt;what death he should die&lt;/strong&gt;.

Then Pilate &lt;em&gt;entered into the judgment hall again&lt;/em&gt;, and called Jesus, and said unto him, &lt;strong&gt;Art thou the King of the Jews?&lt;/strong&gt; Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?

Pilate answered, Am &lt;strong&gt;I&lt;/strong&gt; a Jew? &lt;strong&gt;Thine own nation&lt;/strong&gt; and the chief priests &lt;strong&gt;have delivered thee unto me&lt;/strong&gt;: what hast thou done?

Jesus answered, &lt;strong&gt;My kingdom is not of this world&lt;/strong&gt;: if my kingdom were of this world, then would &lt;strong&gt;my servants fight&lt;/strong&gt;, that I should &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; be delivered to the Jews: but &lt;strong&gt;now is my kingdom&lt;/strong&gt; not from hence.

John 18: 31-36</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>All right, I concede everything. It&#8217;s fun and efficient, and above all it really brings out the poetry of the text. Let&#8217;s make sure every classic gets the work-over, to make it even greater. I&#8217;m starting here:</p>
<p>Then <strong>said Pilate</strong> unto them, Take ye him, and judge him <strong>according to your law</strong>. The <strong>Jews</strong> therefore said unto him, It is <strong>not lawful</strong> for us to <strong>put any man to death</strong>: That the saying of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake, signifying <strong>what death he should die</strong>.</p>
<p>Then Pilate <em>entered into the judgment hall again</em>, and called Jesus, and said unto him, <strong>Art thou the King of the Jews?</strong> Jesus answered him, Sayest thou this thing of thyself, or did others tell it thee of me?</p>
<p>Pilate answered, Am <strong>I</strong> a Jew? <strong>Thine own nation</strong> and the chief priests <strong>have delivered thee unto me</strong>: what hast thou done?</p>
<p>Jesus answered, <strong>My kingdom is not of this world</strong>: if my kingdom were of this world, then would <strong>my servants fight</strong>, that I should <strong>not</strong> be delivered to the Jews: but <strong>now is my kingdom</strong> not from hence.</p>
<p>John 18: 31-36</p>
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		<title>By: Nicholas Gruen</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270362</link>
		<dc:creator>Nicholas Gruen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 13:22:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270362</guid>
		<description>Stephen, 

Arrogance isn&#039;t any less of an assumption.  But it&#039;s a less &lt;em&gt;motivated&lt;/em&gt; assumption. It doesn&#039;t discount the content in the way that &#039;sour grapes&#039; does. 

Actually, perhaps I shouldn&#039;t concede so much.  How&#039;s this - arrogance is a quality of the text.  The text is arrogant.  Whether it&#039;s motivated by sour grapes seems to be more speculative - or really entirely speculative. 

In any event, my point is that sour grapes comes with an &#039;he would say that&#039; kind of explanation which invites us to simply ignore what he says as lacking not just &lt;em&gt;bona fides&lt;/em&gt; but, as you implied in your comment, content.  It was &lt;em&gt;just&lt;/em&gt; sour grapes.   

James,

I still can&#039;t see the problem. 

I presume, as you suggest, that the heavy bolding was for busy executives, thought it could also be bolding for himself, so it serves as a background full text of the speech which people can read after the event - or he can read from - at the same time as allowing him to speak while skimming between the major points. Either way, it provides a way of reading the piece at two levels of detail - a bit like footnotes do.  I actually prefer the bolding to be there, because I like to skim when I&#039;m not that engaged.   And there were parts of the speech - like the bit about Telstra at the end, that I wanted to skim. 

Reader, speaker . . . everyone&#039;s a winner ;)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Stephen, </p>
<p>Arrogance isn&#8217;t any less of an assumption.  But it&#8217;s a less <em>motivated</em> assumption. It doesn&#8217;t discount the content in the way that &#8217;sour grapes&#8217; does. </p>
<p>Actually, perhaps I shouldn&#8217;t concede so much.  How&#8217;s this &#8211; arrogance is a quality of the text.  The text is arrogant.  Whether it&#8217;s motivated by sour grapes seems to be more speculative &#8211; or really entirely speculative. </p>
<p>In any event, my point is that sour grapes comes with an &#8216;he would say that&#8217; kind of explanation which invites us to simply ignore what he says as lacking not just <em>bona fides</em> but, as you implied in your comment, content.  It was <em>just</em> sour grapes.   </p>
<p>James,</p>
<p>I still can&#8217;t see the problem. </p>
<p>I presume, as you suggest, that the heavy bolding was for busy executives, thought it could also be bolding for himself, so it serves as a background full text of the speech which people can read after the event &#8211; or he can read from &#8211; at the same time as allowing him to speak while skimming between the major points. Either way, it provides a way of reading the piece at two levels of detail &#8211; a bit like footnotes do.  I actually prefer the bolding to be there, because I like to skim when I&#8217;m not that engaged.   And there were parts of the speech &#8211; like the bit about Telstra at the end, that I wanted to skim. </p>
<p>Reader, speaker . . . everyone&#8217;s a winner <img src='http://clubtroppo.com.au/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: James Farrell</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270287</link>
		<dc:creator>James Farrell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 09:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270287</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s the same principle as with italics or underlining. You&#039;re not supposed to use them unless the operative term is ambiguous, or unless the point is so novel, surprising, or crucial that you have to draw special attention to it. But in general, if something isn&#039;t important it shouldn&#039;t be there at all. That&#039;s what I was taught, anyway. Maybe you disagree, but if it&#039;s a perfectly reasonable thing to do, why doesn&#039;t everyone do it? He looks as if he&#039;s doing it to save time for busy executives who just want to skim.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s the same principle as with italics or underlining. You&#8217;re not supposed to use them unless the operative term is ambiguous, or unless the point is so novel, surprising, or crucial that you have to draw special attention to it. But in general, if something isn&#8217;t important it shouldn&#8217;t be there at all. That&#8217;s what I was taught, anyway. Maybe you disagree, but if it&#8217;s a perfectly reasonable thing to do, why doesn&#8217;t everyone do it? He looks as if he&#8217;s doing it to save time for busy executives who just want to skim.</p>
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		<title>By: Stephen Bounds</title>
		<link>http://clubtroppo.com.au/2008/05/09/phil-burgess-and-whats-wrong-with-our-political-culture/#comment-270286</link>
		<dc:creator>Stephen Bounds</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 09:36:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://clubtroppo.com.au/?p=5284#comment-270286</guid>
		<description>Hi Nicholas,

How is &quot;arrogance&quot; any less of an easy assumption to make than that of &quot;sour grapes&quot;?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Nicholas,</p>
<p>How is &#8220;arrogance&#8221; any less of an easy assumption to make than that of &#8220;sour grapes&#8221;?</p>
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